Ancient Microchip Dating Back 250 Million Years

Via beforeitsnews.com

Who & What used this “ANCIENT MICROCHIP” dating back 250 million years? Is it an Alien Artifact? Is it from ancient human civilizations? Is it from humans off Earth? It is yet one additional ancient artifact of intelligent technology found in Russia.

The Antikythera mechanism is an ancient analog computer. designed to predict astronomical positions and eclipses for calendrical andastrological purposes, as well as the Olympiads, the cycles of the ancient Olympic Games.

Found housed in a 340 mm × 180 mm × 90 mm wooden box, the device is a complex clockwork mechanism composed of at least 30 meshing bronze gears. Its remains were found as 82 separate fragments, of which only seven contain any gears or significant inscriptions. The largest gear (clearly visible in Fragment A at right) is approximately 140 mm in diameter and originally had 223 teeth.

The artifact was recovered in 1900–1901 from the Antikythera shipwreck off the Greek island of Antikythera. Believed to have been designed and constructed by Greek scientists, the instrument has been dated either between 150 and 100 BCE, or, according to a more recent view, at 205 BCE.

After the knowledge of this technology was lost at some point in Antiquity, technological artifacts approaching its complexity and workmanship did not appear again in Europe until the development of mechanicalastronomical clocks in the fourteenth century.

All known fragments of the Antikythera mechanism are kept at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens.


Discovery

The Antikythera mechanism was discovered in 45 metres (148 ft) of water in the Antikythera shipwreck off Point Glyphadia on the Greek island of Antikythera. The wreck was found in April 1900 by a group of Greek sponge divers, who retrieved numerous artifacts, including bronze and marble statues, pottery, unique glassware, jewellery, coins, and the mechanism. All were transferred to the National Museum of Archaeology in Athens for storage and analysis. Merely a lump of corroded bronze and wood at the time, the mechanism went unnoticed for two years while museum staff worked on piecing together more obvious statues.

On 17 May 1902, archaeologist Valerios Stais was examining the finds and noticed that one of the pieces of rock had a gear wheel embedded in it. Stais initially believed it was an astronomical clock, but most scholars considered the device to be prochronistic, too complex to have been constructed during the same period as the other pieces that had been discovered. Investigations into the object were soon dropped until Derek J. de Solla Price became interested in it in 1951. In 1971, both Price and a Greek nuclear physicist named Charalampos Karakalos made X-ray and gamma-ray images of the 82 fragments. Price published an extensive 70-page paper on their findings in 1974.

It is not known how the mechanism came to be on the cargo ship, but it has been suggested that it was being taken to Rome, together with other treasure looted from the island, to support a triumphal parade being staged by Julius Caesar.

Origin

Generally referred to as the first known analog computer, the quality and complexity of the mechanism’ manufacture suggests it has undiscovered predecessors made during the Hellenistic period. Its construction relied upon theories of astronomy and mathematics developed by Greek astronomers, and is estimated to have been created around the late second century BCE.

In 1974, British science historian and Yale University professor Derek de Solla Price concluded from gear settings and inscriptions on the mechanism’s faces that it was made about 87 BCE and lost only a few years later. Jacques Cousteau and associates visited the wreck in 1976 and recovered coins dated to between 76 and 67 BCE. Though its advanced state of corrosion has made it impossible to perform an accurate compositional analysis, it is believed the device was made of a low-tin bronze alloy (of approximately 95% copper, 5% tin). All its instructions are written in Koine Greek, and the consensus among scholars is that the mechanism was made in the Greek-speaking world.

In the late 2000s, findings of The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project suggest the concept for the mechanism originated in the colonies of Corinth, since some of the astronomical calculations seem to indicate observations that can be made only in the Corinth area of ancient Greece. Syracuse was a colony of Corinth and the home of Archimedes, which might imply a connection with the school of Archimedes. Another theory suggests that coins found by Jacques Cousteau in the 1970s at the wreck site date to the time of the device’s construction, and posits its origin may have been from the ancient Greek city of Pergamon, home of the famous Library of Pergamum. With its many scrolls of art and science, it was second in importance only to the Library of Alexandria during the Hellenistic period.

The ship carrying the device also contained vases in the Rhodian style, leading to a hypothesis the device was constructed at an academy founded by the Stoic philosopher Posidonius on that Greek island. A busy trading port in Antiquity, Rhodes was also a center of astronomy and mechanical engineering, home to the astronomer Hipparchus, active from about 140 BCE to 120 BCE. That the mechanism uses Hipparchus’s theory for the motion of the moon suggests the possibility he may have designed, or at least worked on it.

Cardiff University professor Michael Edmunds, who led a 2006 study of the mechanism, described the device as “just extraordinary, the only thing of its kind”, and said that its astronomy was “exactly right”. He regarded the Antikythera mechanism as “more valuable than the Mona Lisa”.

In 2014, a study by Carman and Evans argued for a new dating of approximately 200 BCE. Moreover, according to Carman and Evans, the Babylonian arithmetic style of prediction fits much better with the device’s predictive models than the traditional Greek trigonometric style.

In mid-2014, a diving expedition to the shipwreck initiated by the Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports hoped to discover further parts of the Antikythera Mechanism but was cut short due to bad weather. Another expedition is planned for spring 2015.

SOURCES:

MLordandGod
1) Researchers find a 250 million year old microchip in Russia. Anon Mags, June 19, 2015.
http://www.anonymousmags.com/
2) Japan underwater ancient ruins – Yonaguni Monument – Wikipedia images public domain.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yonagun…
3) Antikythera device – Wikipedia images public domain.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikyt…
4) Ancient Microchip – Wikimedia commons images (Thumbnail image of Ancient Microchip close up with coin)
https://www.google.com/search?q=ancie…
5) Wikimedia commons – microchip
https://www.google.com/search?q=ancie…
6) Music – Youtube Audio Library
a) “Enochian Magic” by J.R. Tundra
b) “Ambient Ambulance”
https://www.youtube.com/audiolibrary/music

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